Overview the merge document array to pdf flow merges up to. Determining the competitive effects of vertical integration in mergers by christine siegwarth meyer1 and yijia isabelle wang2 1. To do this we will use the maximum tractive effort calculated in equation 9 which was 100 lbs. For a given tractive effort, increased horsepower allows an increased speed with other things remaining the same. Steps involved in an acquisition valuation n step 1. I would like to compare them with a couple of steamlocomotives. Merge pdfs online in addition to word, excel and ppt.
This calculator can be used to calculate the resulting force in a toggle joint with arms with equal lengths. F traction effort or force acting on the wheel from the surface n, lb f. An experimental approach to merger evaluation christopher t. The net present value rule states that if the npv of the proposal is greater than 0, it must be accepted. The power transmission system is design to transmit the engine power to the track system with minimum power loss. Braking calculations to optimise braking performance there are other considerations which must be taken into account. The total tractive effort tte is the sum of the forces calculated in steps 1, 2, and 3. One financial goal of financial managers is to maximize the shareholders wealth. Easily combine multiple files into one pdf document. On the other hand, most members of the local methodist churches and the officials of both conferences were in favor of the merger. Therefore, tractive effort was more important than horsepower for steam locomotives. The term tractive effort is often qualified as starting tractive effort, continuous tractive effort and maximum tractive effort. Sales industry sector metallurgy formulary hydraulics 10. Application examples illustrate the influence of locomotive tractive effort on the forces between wheel and rail.
The speed at which both forces are equal is the maximum speed. Tractive effort and tractive resistance c12 springerlink. On higher speed vehicles friction in drive components may warrant the addition of 10%15% to the total tractive effort to ensure acceptable vehicle performance. We now have the speed rpm and the required tractive effort.
Research shows that about 20% to 55% of the available tractor energy is wasted at the tractive devicesoil interface. Net present value, mergers and acquisitions assignment essays. Do you have multiple pdf files that need to be combined into one big document. Therefore, merger and acquisition decisions should be consistent with shareholder wealth maximization criteria, and financial characteristics of the targets should be considered in the decisionmaking process. For example, consider a merger of firm a and firm b, and suppose that firm a sells product 1 and firm b sells product 2. By the way, the term tractive effort is supposed to imply at the wheel rim, as opposed to at the locomotive coupler.
The tractive force between a car wheel and the surface can be expressed as. How to merge pdfs and combine pdf files adobe acrobat dc. Tractive effort te and tractive resistance tr tractive effort te. In other words, it is the sum of the tractive force and rolling effort on the road surface. G5t 2 up to 5400 up to 5400 haulage capacity for wag5tao locomotive 3 step weak field gr 15. Here is how you can manage the process of combining pdfs. Value the target with the acquisition motive built in. Tractive force calculation for a vehicle tractive force or tractive effort or traction is the force applied between the tire and road surface to move a car or any vehicle for that matter. Merger specific edm is not inevitable, however, because the downstream merging firm may be locked in to inputs provided by other firms or it may be able to pay a price equal to marginal cost absent the merger. For example, a 3000 hp locomotive will have approximately 74,000 lbs. Vertical merger enforcement is less common than horizontal enforcement. Drive wheel motor torque calculations ufl mae concrete good.
Access the pdf merger from any internetconnected desktop or mobile device. According to our count, there have been 48 vertical enforcement actions in the 19942015 period. First, a force of 2 to 5 pounds per ton of train weight is required to move on straight level track. There is a guppi for each product sold by the merging firms. Influence of locomotive tractive effort on the forces between wheel and rail article pdf available in vehicle system dynamics 35supplement. It is the impact on effective competition that matters, not the mere. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. Therefore, using the previous example, an input force of 280 pounds is needed to move the rail car. This energy wears the tires and compacts the soil to a degree that may cause detrimental crop production burt et al. Again, complete the calculations, and youll discover that the tractive effort or gross pulling force of the vehicle is 2,667 pounds. Tractive effort of steam locomotives locomotive ratiosii by a. It was recommended that for indicated 1932, the author developed constants for a new m ethod of figuring horsepower and tractive effort of steam locom o. Merge document array to pdf encodian customer help. Tractive effort is a measure of the force that a locomotive can apply to the train it is pulling.
The last step is to calculate the axle torque required to generate this tractive effort. Construction planning, equipment, sixth edition chapter. Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine pdf files in seconds. The required engine power for a car driving on a flat surface with constant speed 90 kmh with an aerodynamic resistance force 250 n and rolling resistance force 400 n and overall efficiency 0. F3 to gp9 tractive effort tables trains magazine trains. Our free tool lets you easily combine multiple pdf files into one document.
Duty cycle characterization and evaluation towards heavy. The propelling force developed is generally referred to as tractive force or tractive effort. The aim of the project objectoriented modeling in railways, was to develop a catalyst for practical economic solutions to complex railway technology problems today, the railway simulation tool opentrack is a wellestablished railway planning software and it is used by railways. In this case, the drawbar pull of our example vehicle is 2,547 pounds. Decide on the mode of payment cash or stock, and if cash, arrange for financing debt or equity. Tire traction force, or tractive force, is the force used to generate motion between a car or truck and the road or tangential surface. Determining the competitive effects of vertical integration. Total tractive effort required by both front wheels, ftf n. Tractive effort definition is the force in pounds exerted by powered equipment as a locomotive as measured for statistical purposes at the rim of the driving wheels. Horsepower and tractive effort the idiots guide to. Tire traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction. Dieselelectric traction has the following advantages. Ideally, tractive effort or output torque requirements should be derived from actual tests of the machine. So if we look at an ac6000 compared to an ac4400, assuming the weight, traction motors and gear ratio are all the same, they are likely to haul the same load over a given.
Banca lombarda, bl or the bank to provide assistance the mandate in determining the share exchange ratio the exchange ratio for the proposed merger of bl with and into bpu banca banche popolari unite scpa bpu. The method for calculation of tractive effort required for starting and hauling loads at particular speed, gradient and degree of curvature and also horse power, ohe current calculation is given in the following paragraphs. Tractive effort to haul a passenger train at 75 mph on level track. Jul 25, 2011 the three principal structural alternatives for a merger or acquisition transaction are the statutory merger, acquisition of assets and acquisition of stock or other form of equity of the target.
The maximum permissible traction force that can be applied to the wheels is governed by two things. In the main line train, tractive effort is caused by the locomotive, and in a suburban train, it is caused by motor coaches. Valuation report on the share exchange ratio for the merger. Assessing the contemporary law and economics of exclusive dealing.
Conceptual design of a rubber tracked mini vehicle for small. For less than and equal to zero the proposals must be rejected. How to calculate the force needed to move a railroad car. Horsepower x 308 speed mph where 308 is 82% of 375 lbmiles per hour per hp. Driveline components for typical closed loop hydrostatic. W weight or vertical force between wheel and surface n, lb f m mass on the wheel kg, slugs a g acceleration of. Tractive effort and acceleration ce 322 transportation engineering dr. Equations behind the vehicle forces for driving up slope calculator. Dyno torque figures the truth car dyno motorcycle dyno. The total axle torque is tractive effort times the. In particular, we advise on a regular basis on the merger control rules at european union level as well as in the member states. Tractive effort tractive effort refers to the amount of force available at the wheel or wheels of the vehicle and represents the maximum possible pull a vehicle could exert, if it had no resistance to movement. But it doesnt provide realistic values, so i am wondering, what is the correct way of calculating tractive effort of a train.
Motive force tractive effort is calculated as such, roller torqueroller radius, so in our. The gdpr comes into force and we made adaptions to our terms and conditions. This study covers the crucial periods of 19431947 and 19661969. Net present value calculations management study guide. Motive force tractive effort is a calculation this where some dyno operators get it wrong, they believe the dyno measures tractive effort. The advantages are the ease of start up, ease of management, no special taxes on a partnership, easier to raise capital through the bank loans or new partners, largesize aids in efficient operation, and easier to attract skilled employees. Tractive effort is defined as the force at the rims or the outer edges of the driving wheels of moving trains. Tractive effort and resistance to motion tractive effort resistance to motion i have extended the speed range on the graph to show the point where the resistance to motion gets larger than the tractive effort. Car vehicle driving up a slope equation and calculator.
Te is the tractive effort n r w is the rolling radius or effective radius m. To find the net drawbar pull, subtract the rolling resistance from the tractive effort. If a cross over the tractive effort curve would appear for the next gear by remaining in gear until maximum rpm, then a small, roughly triangular shaped section would be cut out of the available area every time when gear is changed. Vehicle dynamics calculation tractive effort of a car. Locomotive tractive effort and power calculations tractive effort calculations. The final merge operation count is determined using the following calculation. Opentrack began in the mid1990s as a research project at the swiss federal institute of technology. The fuel to satisfy tractive effort adjusted by the application of supplemental power from a hybrid eergy n storage system fuel to charge the hybrid electric system 3. Rubbing speed for highspeed applications a further consideration is the linear speed at which the disc is passing between the pads when the brake operates. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. The methodology and the various formula adopted are also given. For steam locomotives, tractive effort was usually the limitting factor in the size of the train it could pull. Conlony julie holland mortimerz october 29, 20 abstract the 2010 department of justice and federal trade commission horizontal merger guidelines lay out a new standard for assessing proposed mergers in markets with di erentiated products. Hi there again, i am trying to correctly calculate the tractive effort pf a train, currently i do this.
The tractive effort required to move a train consists of numerous factors, but for most applications only four need to be considered. A statutory merger is completed in accordance with the state laws that govern the organization of the parties to the transaction. The total axle torque is tractive effort times the wheel radius. Tractive effort determines how much a locomotive can haul. Ahmed abdelrahim available tractive effort tractive effort determined by. Free web app to quickly and easily combine multiple files into one pdf online.
Pdf influence of locomotive tractive effort on the. Influence of locomotive tractive effort on the forces between. Tire traction force equation and calculator engineers. Speed tractive effort curve for a modern locomotive tractive effort is measured in pounds of force available as a function of speed at low speed, tractive. In terms of the current regime, a merger will only be notifiable if. Merge pdfs online combine multiple pdf files for free. This content was copied from view the original, and get the alreadycompleted solution here.
This free online tool allows to combine multiple pdf or image files into a single pdf document. To choose motors capable of producing enough torque to propel the example vehicle, it is necessary to determine the total tractive effort tte. So our first guess at a tevsspeed curve is a hyperbola. Select or drag your files, then click the merge button to download your document into one pdf file. A corporate merger is the combination of the assets and liabilities of two firms to form a single business entity. We advise on a regular basis in multijurisdictional deals where we assess the applicable rules in over 120 merger regimes around the world. If the rear wheels have such a torque applied to them that they are on the. Tractive effort definition of tractive effort by merriam. Coefficient of traction for various surfaces surface rubber tires crawler tracks dry, rough concrete 0.
The calculator can be used for imperial and metric units as long as the use of units are consistent. For the remainder of this article references to a steam locomotive shall be understood to be an ordinary two cylinder, reciprocating double acting, single expansion, non condensing, adhesion or friction traction, side rod driven steam. Dafcomp200741 2 foreword this document comprises proceedings in the original languages of a roundtable on dynamic efficiencies in merger analysis and competition policy, held by the competition committee in june 2007. Pdf calculation of the traction effort of switching.
Moreover, the paper presents calculation of the traction effort of tep70. Available tractive effort road vehicle performance. Jun 05, 2016 question net present value, mergers and acquisitions. In everyday language, the term acquisition tends to be used when a larger firm absorbs a smaller firm, and merger tends to be used when the combination is portrayed to be between equals. Consequently, the fact that a merger affects competitors is not in itself a problem. Cliffe dekker hofmeyr namibian commission clarifies and. Force of vehicles engine maximum value transferable maximum tractive effort define the point at which additional enginegenerated tractive effort is not productive. The speed at which both forces are equal is the maximum speed the train can get to on a flat piece of track.
Most members of the eub churches were very much opposed to uniting with the methodists. Tractive effort values in tonnes at various speeds up to up to 5093 5400 table no. Because the only horizontal force that the railroad car produces is the friction force, the force to move the rail car p is equal to the friction force f. Tractive effort of steam locomotives locomotive ratiosii. Tireground adhesion and maximum tractive effort the slip, s, of a tire is usually defined as where v is the translatory speed of the tire center. Acceleration is a measure of how quickly you are gaining or losing speed. These terms apply to different operating conditions, but are related by common mechanical factors. That kind of calculations are very important for motion planning and it should be done in order to avoid overloading. Total tractive effort 7 torque required on the drive wheel the torque that is required on the drive wheel will be the one that the drive motor requires to produce so as to obtain the desired drive characteristics. If the rear wheels of the vehicle in the figure are driven with no slip taking place between the tires and the level road surface, the wheel force or the tractive effort te is equal to the torque at the driven wheels t w divided by the rolling radius or effective radius r w.
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